You will be fighting length. The original 170-200 I6 option is a fairly tight fit. The bellhousing is shoved back further than the V8 version. That makes the I6 3-speed a shorter package than the V8 transmission package.
The 300 is the big block version of the I6. It is longer. The automatic transmission options are all based on the V8 transmission length. So you are looking at putting the longest engine around, with the longest transmission, hang a transfer case off the back, and put it in one of the shortest engine compartments in a short wheelbase vehicle.
Can it be done? Yes. But probably not the results you will be expecting.
This is one of those projects that if you have to ask how to do it, you probably should be attempting it. You are not adding value, but you will be hurting it. It was done back in the day mostly because it was built out of parts that were just laying around. Working with cheap junk. I've even seen a Bronco running around (ok, never actually seen it run but can tell that it had) with a 223 I6 swapped in. Unique, yes. Desirable, it was for a parts truck. It was the last Bronco I saw come in to get parted out as the values were going through the roof. It would have been worth more with the original engine even if that engine was blown up.